Documentation

FHA Formulas & Methodology

How Financial Health Analysis ratios and values are calculated

Overview

This page documents the formulas used in the Financial Health Analysis (FHA) report. Values are derived from the balance sheet and profit & loss inputs you submit on the FHA form. Ratios are rounded to two decimal places unless noted as a percentage.

For the full formula list by business type, open:

Manufacturing & Trading formulas Service formulas

Balance Sheet Aggregations

ComponentFormula
Current LiabilitiesAccount Payable + Short Term Loan + Other Current Liabilities
Non-Current LiabilitiesLong Term Liability
Total LiabilitiesCurrent Liabilities + Non-Current Liabilities
Total Non-Current AssetsFixed Asset / PPE + Other Non Current Assets
Total Current AssetsInventory / Stock + Debtors / Trade Receivable + Cash and Bank Balance + Other Current Assets
Total AssetsTotal Non-Current Assets + Total Current Assets
Working CapitalCurrent Assets − Current Liabilities
Capital EmployedTotal Assets − Current Liabilities

Profit & Loss Calculations

Manufacturing / Trading

  • COGS = Opening Stock + Purchase + Direct Cost − Inventory (Inventory = Closing Stock)
  • Gross Profit = Revenue − COGS
  • Gross Profit Ratio = ((Revenue − COGS) ÷ Revenue) × 100

Service

  • Gross Profit = Revenue − Direct Cost
  • Gross Profit Ratio = ((Revenue − Direct Cost) ÷ Revenue) × 100

EBIT (Earnings Before Interest & Tax) = Net Profit + Interest Expense + Tax Expense

Liquidity Ratios

RatioFormulaUnit
Current RatioCurrent Assets ÷ Current LiabilitiesTimes
Quick Ratio(Current Assets − Inventory) ÷ Current LiabilitiesTimes
Cash RatioCash & Bank Balance ÷ Current LiabilitiesTimes
Working CapitalCurrent Assets − Current Liabilities

Solvency & Leverage Ratios

RatioFormulaUnit
Debt to EquityTotal Liabilities ÷ Capital Account / Shareholders FundTimes
Debt RatioTotal Liabilities ÷ Total AssetsTimes
Financial LeverageTotal Assets ÷ Capital Account / Shareholders FundTimes
Interest CoverageEBIT ÷ Interest Expense
(Net Profit + Interest Expense + Tax Expense) ÷ Interest Expense
Times

Efficiency / Activity Ratios

Turnover ratios for inventory, receivables, and payables are expressed in days.

RatioFormulaUnit
Inventory Turnover(Inventory ÷ COGS) × 365Days
Receivable Turnover(Debtors ÷ Revenue) × 365Days
Payable Turnover(Account Payable ÷ Purchases or COGS) × 365Days
Assets TurnoverRevenue ÷ Total AssetsTimes

Profitability Ratios

RatioFormulaUnit
Gross Profit RatioManufacturing / Trading: ((Revenue − COGS) ÷ Revenue) × 100
Service: ((Revenue − Direct Cost) ÷ Revenue) × 100
%
Net Profit Ratio(Net Profit ÷ Revenue) × 100%
ROCE(EBIT ÷ Capital Employed) × 100
EBIT = Net Profit + Interest Expense + Tax Expense
%
ROE(EBIT ÷ Capital Account / Shareholders Fund) × 100
EBIT = Net Profit + Interest Expense + Tax Expense
%

Benchmarks

Each ratio is compared against category-specific benchmarks for Manufacturing, Trading, and Service businesses. Benchmark bands are shown in the report as Ideal, Acceptable, and Risky based on your selected business category.

Where applicable, the Industry Leader / Benchmark Company you provide is used in the AI analysis for contextual comparison alongside these standard ratio bands.